In a large Dutch oven over medium-high heat, add the sausage. Cook, breaking it up with a wooden spoon, until browned and no pink remains, stirring occasionally (about 10-15 minutes). Drain excess fat if desired.
Reduce heat to medium. Add the diced onion, celery, and carrot rounds. Cook, stirring frequently, until the onion softens (about 3-5 minutes). Stir in the minced garlic and cook for 1 more minute until fragrant.
Add the tomato paste, Italian seasoning, crushed red pepper, and black pepper. Stir well to coat the vegetables and sausage evenly.
Pour in the chicken broth and add the drained beans. Stir to combine, then bring the soup to a gentle simmer. Cook for 6-7 minutes, or until the carrots and celery are tender.
Stir in the heavy whipping cream and fresh baby spinach. Continue cooking until the spinach wilts completely (about 2-5 minutes). Taste and adjust seasoning if needed.
Ladle into bowls while warm. Garnish with chopped fresh parsley.