Season the cubed bottom round roast with the kosher salt and black pepper.
In a large pot or Dutch oven, heat the olive oil over medium-high heat. Add the seasoned beef in batches, browning on all sides. Remove the browned beef and set it aside.
In the same pot, add the diced onions and cook, stirring occasionally, until softened and slightly caramelized, about 6-8 minutes.
Add the finely diced jalapeño peppers and minced garlic to the onions, cooking for another 2-3 minutes until fragrant.
Stir in the chili powder and cumin, allowing the spices to toast for about 1 minute.
Add the diced tomatoes (with their juices), black beans, kidney beans, chopped green chiles, and the browned beef back into the pot. Stir to combine.
Pour in the beef broth, starting with 2 cups. Add more if needed to cover the meat and beans.
Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to low. Cover and simmer for 1.5 to 2 hours, stirring occasionally, until the beef is tender and the flavors have melded together.
Garnish with sliced jalapenos and choppped cilantro before serving.