In a large pot over medium heat, melt the butter.
Add the onion, celery, and carrots. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables are just tender. This will take about 5 minutes.
Stir in the thyme, kosher salt, and black pepper.
Add the garlic and cook for 1 minute, stirring constantly, until fragrant.
Push the vegetables to the sides of the pot to make a well in the center. Add the chicken pieces to the center and let them cook, stirring occasionally, just to brown the outsides. This will take 3 to 4 minutes. The chicken does not need to be fully cooked at this stage.
Pour in the chicken broth and stir everything together. Increase the heat to high and bring the soup to a boil.
Once boiling, reduce the heat to low and let the soup simmer for 15 minutes.